Heck-Mizokori reaction

All of these reactions involve transition metals such as palladium, copper, and ruthenium, usually in complex with certain types of ligands. After we see the practical applications of these reactions for carbon-carbon bond formation, we shall consider some general aspects of transition metal complex structure and representative steps in the mechanisms of transition metal-catalyzed reactions. We shall consider as specific examples the mechanism for a transition metal-catalyzed hydrogenation using a rhodium complex called Wilkinson s catalyst, and the mechanism for the Heck-Mizokori reaction. 

The Heck-Mizokori reaction involves palladium-catalyzed coupling of an alkene with an alkenyl or aryl halide, leading to a substituted alkene. The alkene product is generally trans due to a 1,2-elimination step in the mechanism. 

What starting materials could be used to synthesize each of the following compounds by a Heck-Mizokori reaction ... 

Much of the chemistry of organic transition metal compounds becomes more understandable if we are able to follow the mechanisms of the reactions that occur. These mechanisms, in most cases, amount to nothing more than a sequence of reactions, each of which represents a fundamental reaction type that is characteristic of a transition metal complex. Let us examine three of the fundamental reaction types now. In each instance we shall use steps that occur when an alkene is hydrogenated using a catalyst called Wilkinson s catalyst. In Section G.7 we shall examine the entire hydrogenation mechanism. In Section G.8 we shall see how similar types of steps are involved in the Heck-Mizokori reaction. 

G.8 The Mechanism for an Example of Cross-Coupling The Heck-Mizokori Reaction... 

Having seen steps such as oxidative addition, insertion, and reductive elimination in the context of transition metal-catalyzed hydrogenation using Wilkinson s catalyst, we can now see how these same types of mechanistic steps are involved in a mechanism proposed for the Heck-Mizokori reaction. Aspects of the Heck-Mizokori mechanism are similar to steps proposed for other cross-coupling reactions as well, although there are variations and certain steps that are specific to each, and not all of the steps below are involved or serve the same purpose in other cross-coupling reactions. 

The Heck-Mizokori Reaction Using an Aryl Halide Substrate GENERAL REACTION... 

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