HEAT, WORK, AND TEMPERATURE

Heat is thermal energy in transit. It cannot be accumulated or stored. When thermal energy flows from a hot body to a cold one (the reverse never occurs without the expenditure of work), it should be called heat. However, when flow ceases as a result of temperature equilibrium, the thermal energy gained by the cold body should not be referred to as heat. 

Work (W) is also a quantity in transit. It is a force acting through a distance [equivalent to lifting a weight a distance ( ) vertically W= F(l. Static energy is the capacity for doing work. 

Earlier, Fahrenheit had introduced a similar temperature scale in which the freezing point of water was 32°, and the boiling point of water was 212°. The scale between was divided into 180 equal intervals called degrees Fahrenheit (F). Mean body temperature on the Fahrenheit scale is about 98.6°F. 

Kelvin (1848) introduced a temperature scale having the same size degree as tire Celsius degree, but with zero at the point where all vibrational motion ceases and the pressure of a gas is zero. Zero temperature on the Kelvin (absolute) scale is -273°C=-460°F. This is a more useful scale than the Celsius scale for scientific purposes since the amplitude of molecular vibration is approximately proportional to the absolute temperature (°K). Conversion from °C to °K is as follows  

The nondimensional homologous temperature discussed in Ch. 8, Sec 7.0 is particularly valuable with regard to materials behavior  

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C06-0029. Write a paragraph that explains the relationships among energy, heat, work, and temperature. 

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