Heat balances smelting processes

A heat and material balance (based on 1000 kg of chalcopyrite) was created for the first furnace (Table III), smelting furnace (Table IV), and flash furnace (Table V) based upon thermodynamic calculations [6], Utilizing preheated air from a downstream process in the acid plant and 500 C particulate CuO, the reaction in the first furnace proceeds in a slightly exothermic fashion, yielding 800 °C products with excess heat that can be utilized to overcome heat losses. 

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