Hawaii Ocean Time Series

HOT HPLC Hawaii Ocean Time-series High power liquid chromatography... 

Tupas, L. (1993). Hawaii ocean time series. Data rep. No. 4. Univ. of Hawaii, SOEST. Tech. Rep. 93-14. 

Karl, D. M., and Lukas, R. (1996). The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program Background, rationale and field implementation. Deep Sea Res. II43, 129-156. 

Boyle, E. A., Bergquist, B. A., Kayser, R. A., andMahowald, N. (2005). Iron, manganese, and lead at Hawaii Ocean Time-series station ALOHA Temporal variabihty and an intermediate water hydrothermal plume. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 69, 933—952. 

Many Th measurements in the upper ocean indicate that it is mostly dissolved even though thorium is relatively particle-reactive because dissolved thorium grows into secular equilibrium faster than it is depleted by adsorption to particles. To determine an annual particle flux at a given location one would like to sample the ocean at the frequency of the Th half life about one month. This has been done at the Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT) near Hawaii, and a few of the monthly profiles are presented in Fig. 6.11 (Benitez-Nelson et al, 2001). In this experiment, monthly estimates of the particulate Th flux determined by water column profiles were transformed to carbon fluxes by using measured particulate C Th ratios and compared with the carbon flux from sediment traps. The two different estimates varied by almost a factor of two, with the trap samples being lower. The largest differences were observed during times... 

The degree of supersaturation (in %) for the gases O2, N2, Ar and Ne as a function of time at the Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT). The shading for the gas supersaturations is different except for Ar and N2, because of the different range of the data. Above 100 m all the gases are supersaturated year-round. From Hamme and Emerson (2006). 

In principle there are enough equations and tracers (Ar, N2, He, O2) to solve for all the unknowns two for bubbles imbedded in Faub (Eq. (10.35)), Kz and J. At the time of writing this book it has not been possible to do this in practice at the few locations where it has been tried (the location of the data in Fig. 6.12 is the Hawaii Ocean Time series, HOT), because the inert gas signals are small and can be... 

Fig. 7.3 Trends in inorganic carbon concentrations between 1989 and 2001. Above, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations as measured at the Manoa Loa observatory. Data courtesy of the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, http //cdiac.ornl.gov/ndps/ndp001.html. Below mixed layer (0-50 m Karl Lukas, 1996) DIC concentrations, normalized to a salinity of 35 per mil, at station ALOHA. Data courtesy of D.M. Karl, The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT), http //hahana.soest.hawaii.edu (Karl etal., 2001b).

ANOVA (F = 7.62, p = 0.022). Data courtesy of D.M. Karl, The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT), http //hahana.soest.hawaii.edu. 

Figure 4 Average concentrations mol r ) of NOs", DON, and PON versus water depth for samples collected in the upper 200 m of the water column at Sta. ALOHA (22.75°N, 158.0°W). These field data are from the Hawaii Ocean Time-series program and are available at http //hahana.soest.edu/hot jgofs.html).

Figure 11 Depth profiles of (a) N2O concentration and (b) and (c) <5 0 of N2O at station ALOHA in the subtropical North Pacific (22° 45 N, 158° W) during four separate cruises. The solid line in (a) indicates theoretical saturation with atmospheric N2O at in situ temperatures and salinities. The minima in and <5 0 around 200 m are thought to be due to significant in situ production of N2O from nitrification. The broad isotopic maxima at depth are likely due to N2O consumption, perhaps in the denitrifying waters along the eastern Pacific margin. The filled squares at the top of (b) and (c) represent measurements of <5 N and <5 0 of atmospheric N2O during the Hawaii Ocean Time-series 76 cruise, and arrows indicate the range of historical measurements as of the late 1980s. Reprinted from Dore JE, Popp BN, Karl DM, and Sansone FJ (1998) A large source of atmospheric nitrous oxide from subtropical North Pacific surface waters. Nature 396 63-66.

Fig. 5.21d shows the seasonal variability of titration alkalinity (TA) measured in the mixed-layer at SEATS site (South-East Asian Time-series Study, 18°15 N, 115°35 E). TA values vary from 2,190 to 2,220 j,mol/kg with higher values in January, July, and September and lower values in March, April, and November. The observed seasonal oscillation of TA is thus controlled primarily by the same factors affecting salinity. A similar relationship between TA and salinity is also documented at BATS (Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study, 31° 50 N, 64° 10 W) and HOT (Hawaii Ocean Time-series, 22°45 N, 158°00 W) sites (Bates et ah, 1998). However, as revealed in Fig. 5.21e, NTA remains variable throughout the year, suggesting the potential...

Table 2.84 Mean data sets from the deep-water Station ALOHA (A Long-Term Oligo-trophic Habitat Assessment 22° 45 N, 158° 00 W) located 100 km north of Oahu, Hawaii. Data from Dore, I E. (2009) Hawaii Ocean Time-series surface CO2 system data product, 1988-2008, http //hahana,soest,hawaii,edu/hot/products/products,html, SOEST, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI.

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