Hartree-Fock method eigenvalues

In the unrestricted Hartree-Fock method, a single-determinant wave function is used with different molecular orbitals for a and jS spins, and the eigenvalue problem is solved with separate F and F matrices. With the zero differential overlap approximation, the F matrix elements (25) become... 

The corresponding estimate for the second eigenvalue (2s orbital energy) is —0.1789. These results are in good agreement with the actual HF/STO-3G ( Hartree-Fock method with a variational basis set of three-term Gaussians for each Slater-type orbital 10) eigenvalues eis = —2.3692 and e2s = —0.1801. 

A measure of the extent to which any particular ab initio calculation does not deal perfectly with electron correlation is the correlation energy. In a canonical exposition [79] Lowdin defined correlation energy thus The correlation energy for a certain state with respect to a specified Hamiltonian is the difference between the exact eigenvalue of the Hamiltonian and its expectation value in the Hartree-Fock approximation for the state under consideration. This is usually taken to be the energy from a nonrelativistic but otherwise perfect quantum mechanical procedure, minus the energy calculated by the Hartree-Fock method with the same nonrelativistic Hamiltonian and a huge ( infinite ) basis set ... 

The purpose of the Hartree-Fock method is, of course, to find approximate eigenfunctions Ca and Da and eigenvalues I and... 

As in the conventional Hartree-Fock method, the approximate eigenvalue I is hence essentially different from the sum of the N eigenvalues of the one-particle operator. 

Special Case when T = T = T. Let us now consider the special case when a complex symmetric operator is real, so that T = T. In this case, the operator T is also self-adjoint, T = T, and one can use the results of the conventional Hartree-Fock method 7. The eigenvalues are real, X = X. and - if an eigenvalue X is non-degenerate, the associated eigenfunction C is necessarily real or a real function multiplied by a constant phase factor exp(i a). In both cases, one has D = C 1 = C. In the conventional Hartree-Fock theory, the one-particle projector p takes the form... 

Fig. 8.13. The Hartree-Fock method is variational. The better the wave function, the iower the mean value of the Hamiltonian. An extension of the AO basis set (i.e., adding new AOs) has to lower the energy, and the ideal solution of the Fock equations gives the Hartree-Fock limit." The ground-state eigenvalue of the Hamiltonian is always lower than the HF limit because the Hartree-Fock method is able to produce only an approximation to the solution of the Schrodinger equation.

The Hartree-Fock equations form a set of pseudo-eigenvalue equations, as the Fock operator depends on all the occupied MOs (via the Coulomb and Exchange operators, eqs. (3.36) and (3.33)). A specific Fock orbital can only be determined if all the other occupied orbitals are known, and iterative methods must therefore be employed for determining the orbitals. A set of functions which is a solution to eq. (3.41) are called Self-Consistent Field (SCF) orbitals. 

This representation permits analytic calculations, as opposed to fiiUy numerical solutions [47,48] of the Hartree-Fock equation. Variational SCF methods using finite expansions [Eq. (2.14)] yield optimal analytic Hartree-Fock-Roothaan orbitals, and their corresponding eigenvalues, within the subspace spanned by the finite set of basis functions. 

If the basis set used is finite and incomplete, solution of the secular equation yields approximate, rather than exact, eigenvalues. An example is the linear variation method note that (2.78) and (1.190) have the same form, except that (1.190) uses an incomplete basis set. An important application of the linear variation method is the Hartree-Fock-Roothaan secular equation (1.298) here, basis AOs centered on different nuclei are nonorthogonal. Ab initio and semiempirical SCF methods use matrix-diagonalization procedures to solve the Roothaan equations. 

The wave eigenfunctions and energy eigenvalues were obtained by real space electronic state calculations, which were performed by the use of the program code SCAT of the DV-Xx molecular orbital (MO) cluster method with the Hartree-Fock-Slater approximation [8,9]. In the method, the exchange-correlation term Vxc in the one-electron Hamiltonian was expressed in terms of the statistical local potential (1),... 

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