Hamiltonian equation

The quantum degrees of freedom are described by a wave function /) = (x, t). It obeys Schrodinger s equation with a parameterized coupling potential V which depends on the location q = q[t) of the classical particles. This location q t) is the solution of a classical Hamiltonian equation of motion in which the time-dependent potential arises from the expectation value of V with regard to tp. For simplicity of notation, we herein restrict the discussion to the case of only two interacting particles. Nevertheless, all the following considerations can be extended to arbitrary many particles or degrees of freedom. 

The cissertion that Hamiltonian flows preserve phase-space volumes is known as Louiville s Theorem, and is easily verified from equation 4.3 by using the Hamiltonian equations 4.5 ... 

The Hamiltonian equations for P and Q, and the variational condition for Xn provide together a formally exact set of coupled equations whose solution gives the time-evolution of the electronic states driven by nuclear motions. The present coupled equations generalize the ones previously presented in reference (21) to allow now for statistical weights in the quantal potential, which is the same for ail the initially populated states n. 

The average effective potential needed in the Hamiltonian equations is now... 

The correction to the relaxing density matrix can be obtained without coupling it to the differential equations for the Hamiltonian equations, and therefore does not require solving coupled equations for slow and fast functions. This procedure has been successfully applied to several collisional phenomena involving both one and several active electrons, where a single TDHF state was suitable, and was observed to show excellent numerical behavior. A simple and yet useful procedure employs the first order correction F (f) = A (f) and an adaptive step size for the quadrature and propagation. The density matrix is then approximated in each interval by... 

A formulation of electronic rearrangement in quantum molecular dynamics has been based on the Liouville-von Neumann equation for the density matrix. Introducing an eikonal representation, it naturally leads to a general treatment where Hamiltonian equations for nuclear motions are coupled to the electronic density matrix equations, in a formally exact theory. Expectation values of molecular operators can be obtained from integrations over initial conditions. 

Evans and Baranyai [51, 52] have explored what they describe as a nonlinear generalization of Prigogine s principle of minimum entropy production. In their theory the rate of (first) entropy production is equated to the rate of phase space compression. Since phase space is incompressible under Hamilton s equations of motion, which all real systems obey, the compression of phase space that occurs in nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations is purely an artifact of the non-Hamiltonian equations of motion that arise in implementing the Evans-Hoover thermostat [53, 54]. (See Section VIIIC for a critical discussion of the NEMD method.) While the NEMD method is a valid simulation approach in the linear regime, the phase space compression induced by the thermostat awaits physical interpretation even if it does turn out to be related to the rate of first entropy production, then the hurdle posed by Question (3) remains to be surmounted. 

Hamiltonian equations, 627-628 perturbative handling, 641-646 II electronic states, 631-633 vibronic coupling, 630-631 ABC bond angle, Renner-Teller effect, triatomic molecules, 611-615 ABCD bond angle, Renner-Teller effect, tetraatomic molecules, 626-628 perturbative handling, 641-646 II electronic states, 634-640 vibronic coupling, 630-631 Abelian theory, molecular systems, Yang-Mills fields ... 

Floquet theory principles, 35—36 single-surface nuclear dynamics, vibronic multiplet ordering, 24—25 Barrow, Dixon, and Duxbury (BDD) method, Renner-Teller effect tetraatomic molecules, Hamiltonian equations, 626-628 triatomic molecules, 618-621 Basis functions ... 

Hamiltonian equation, 512-516 minimum basis set calculation, 542—550 integrals, 551-555... 

Hamiltonian equations, 627-628 II electronic states, 632-633 triatomic molecules, 587-598 minimal models, 615-618 Hartree-Fock calculations ... 

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