Halo arenes amination

I. P. Beletskaya s group has extensively examined the synthesis of macrocycles via the Buchwald-Hartwig amination by the reaction of long chain diamines with di-halo arenes.87 High dilution is often required as dimers and other oligiomers are major side products. Yields are moderate at best (20-60% yield of 45 or 46), but this methodology allows access to aza-crown ethers and modified macrocycles of lithocholic acid (47).88... 

Alkyl and 2-Alkenyl Halides or Sulfonates Ring Opening of Cyclic Amines and Ethers Addition onto Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds Addition onto Heteroconjugated Multiple Bonds Nucleophilic Substitution of 1-Alkenyl Halides Nucleophilic Addition onto Arenes and Hetarenes Substitution of Halo-, Alkoxy-, and Metalloarenes or -hetarenes Addition onto Nonaromatic Carbon-Nitrogen Multiple Bonds Addition onto Carbonyl Compounds... 

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