Condensation Guareschi-Thorpe

2-Pyridone formation from the condensation of cyanoacetic ester with diketone in the presence of ammonia. 

Renfry, F. G. P. Thorpe, J. F. J. Chem. Soc. 1904, 85, 1726. Jocelyn F. Thorpe spent two years in Germany where he worked in the laboratory of a dyestuff manufacturer before taking a post as a lecturer at Manchester. Thorpe later became FRS (Fellow of the Royal Society) and professor of organic chemistry at Imperial College. 

Misic-Vukovic, M. M. Indian J. Chem., Sect. B 1995, 34B, 348. 

Galatsis, P. Guareschi-Thorpe Pyridine Synthesis In Name Reactions in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Li, J. J. Corey, E. J., Eds. Wiley Sons Hoboken, NJ, 2005, 307—308. (Review). 

Krstic, V. Misic-Vukovic, M. Radojkovic-VeUckovic, M. J. Chem. Res. (S) 1991, 82. 

Name Reactions, 4th ed., DOI10.1007/978-3-642-01053-8 116, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 

Name Reactions A Collection of Detailed Mechanisms and Synthetic Applications, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-03979-4 124, Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 

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Guareschi-Thorpe condensation. Synthesis of pyridine derivatives by condensation of cyanoa-cetic ester with acetoacetic ester in the presence of ammonia. In a second type of synthesis, a mixture of... 

This reaction is related to the Chichibabin Pyridine Synthesis Guareschi-Thorpe Condensation, and Hantzsch Dihydropyridine Synthesis. 

Early review F. Krohnke, Synthesis 1976, 1-24. Synthetic applications J. N. Chatteijea et al, Indian J. Chem. 15B, 430 (1977) G. R. Newkome etal, J. Org. Chem. 51, 850 (1986) P. Lhotak, A. Kurfiirst, Coll. Czech. Chem. Commun. 57,1937 (1992) T. R. Kelly et al, J. Org. Chem. 62, 2774 (1997). Cf. Chichibabin Pyridine Synthesis Guareschi-Thorpe Condensation Hantzsh (Dihydro)Pyridine Synthesis. 

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