Group A vertical column in the periodic

Group A vertical column in the periodic table also known as a family of elements. 

Group A vertical column of the Periodic Table containing elements with similar properties with the same number of electrons in their outer energy levels. They have an increasing number of inner energy levels as you descend the group. 

Geiger counter an electrical device for detecting and measuring the intensity of radioactive emission, ground state the state of an atom in which all electrons occupy the lowest possible energy levels, group (periodic table) the elements making up a vertical column in the periodic table. 

Group (femily) The elements in a vertical column of the periodic table. 

Group. The elements in a vertical column of the periodic table. (2.4) Half-cell reactions. Oxidation and reduction reactions at the electrodes. (19.2) Half-life. The time required for the concentration of a reactant to decrease to half of its initial concentration. (13.3) Half reaction. A reaction that explicitly shows electrons involved in either oxidation or reduction. (4.4)... 

The periodic table gets its name from the fact that the properties of elements are repeated periodically in going from left to right across a horizontal row of elements. The table is arranged such that an element has properties similar to those of other elements above or below it in the table. Elements with similar chemical properties are called groups of elements and are contained in vertical columns in the periodic table. 

Each vertical column in the table is called a group, and each horizontal row is called a period. The number of elements in successive periods is... 

O Group a vertical column of elements in the Periodic Table elements in the same Group have similar properties... 

Now that you are familiar with the different parts of the table, let s begin looking at more specific information that can be gained by the table. A period is defined as a horizontal row on the table. A group or family is defined as a vertical column on the table. Elements in the same group are chemically similar—that is, they behave the same in chemical reactions. In Figure 4.2, you will see some numbers written at the top of each column on the chart. The top... 

Note in Fig. 12.26 that a very important pattern is developing The elements in the same group (vertical column of the periodic table) have the same valence electron configuration. Remember that Mendeleev originally placed the elements in groups based on similarities in chemical properties. Now we understand the reason behind these groupings. Elements with the same valence electron configuration often show similar chemical behavior. 

Recall from Chapter 7 that elements in the same group (vertical column) of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons, and because of this, they have similar properties. But elements in a period (horizontal row) have properties different from one another. This is because the number of valence electrons increases from one to eight as you move from left to right in any row of the periodic table except the first. As a result, the character of the elements changes. Figure 8.1 illustrates the main group elements and shows that each period begins with two or more metallic elements, which are followed by one or two metalloids. The metalloids are followed by nonmetallic elements, and every period ends with a noble gas. 

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