Gross stoichiometric equation

In the steady-state case, the reasoning presented formally validates the treatment of microbial metabolism in terms of a gross stoichiometric equation of growth and product formation (Roels, 1980a). This formalism, however, results in complicated equations that offer little advantage over other equations. Therefore, only situations of limited complexity can be studied in detail. 

Tables of enthalpies of formation, combustion, and reaction are available in the literature (particularly thermodynamics texts/reference books) for a wide variety of compounds. It is important to note that these are valueless unless the stoichiometric equation and the states of the reactants and products are included. However, enthalpy of reaction is not always employed in engineering reaction/combustion calculations. The two other terms that have been used are the gross (or higher) heating value and the net (or lower) heating value. These are discussed in the next problem.

When plotted on a graph of pH vs. volume of NaOH solution, these six points reveal the gross features of the titration curve. Adding additional calculated points helps define the pH curve. On the curve shown here, the red points A-D were calculated using the buffer equation with base/acid ratios of 1/3 and 3/1. Point E was generated from excess hydroxide ion concentration, 2.00 mL beyond the second stoichiometric point. You should verify these additional five calculations. 

Stoichiometric Modeling. Here a series of reactions is postulated based on knowledge of gross stoichiometry, which may also include mechanistic knowledge. Sufficient reactions and stoichiometry are defined to enable the model to account for observed product distributions. No attempt is made to capture the fine details of pyrolysis. Rather, the model is simplified to incorporate the smallest number of rate equations. This minimizes the number of parameters that must be established from operating data. 

The quantitative treatment of such a simplified process scheme with six variables is derivable from the following gross equation with stoichiometric... 

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