Gravitational anisotropy

For most astronomers, the solution to these cosmological problems resides in a combination of various methods. The luminosity-redshift test must be combined with independent techniques, such as anisotropies in the cosmic background radiation and statistical study of gravitational lenses. 

The x-ray observations by Ihn et al. showed that the o-axis is oriented normal to the surface of the mats, implying that mats are formed by whiskers laying flat down on top of each other. But the preferred orientation is of the same kind as the anisotropy already described above for regular solution-grown films. Not surprisingly, the same type of anisotropy was found for PQT from cyclohexanone [110] and n-dodecane [93]. Importantly it was found that the orientation effect is not related whatsoever to the sedimentation (caused by gravitation) of whiskers into mats, because the anisotropy was found to exist also in mats taken from the vertical walls of the vessel after evaporation of the solvent. The question about the acmal mechanism for the preferred orientation therefore remains unanswered. Concerning the thickness of the whiskers MSrdalen et... 

Stochastic gravitational waves from the early universe. Can be detected as anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). Waves from the big bang may be parametrically amplified by inflation. 

Future measurements of the polarization of the CMBR with the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) and the Planck Surveyor satellites will be able to distinguish between scalar perturbations, which are caused by density perturbations, and tensor perturbations, which are caused by gravitational waves, and thus provide a method of directly observing cosmological gravitational waves. 

Extremely low frequency region, 10 -10 Hz The gravitational waves produce quadrupole anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. The wave spectrum is described by the fraction of energy density g f) (in a bandwidth /) needed to close the universe. From observations of the COBE satellite < 10 ° at 10 Hz. 

---