Graphite normal carbon

Fig. 7. (a) Low-loss EEL spectra of CNT and graphite and carbon core-loss EEL spectra of graphite and tubes in (b) normal geometry (the electron beam normal to the c-axis) and in (c) parallel geometry (the electron beam parallel to the c-axis of graphite and perpendicular to the tube axis) (modified from ref. 5). 

A second procedure makes use of heats of atomization. The heat of atomization of carbon is the energy of converting graphite to carbon atoms. With diatomic molecules such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine, it is the energy required to convert them into atoms. The heats of atomization for most elements in their normal form are known from experimental data. ... 

When HTGR fuel is reprocessed the graphite matrix is to be incinerated in oxygen, exposing the fuel particles for dissolution. The combustion gas, which contains the C and all of the normal carbon from the graphite, is to be recovered to avoid release of C to the environment. 

The correlation coefficient for silica was significantly improved compared to the MI values calculated using the graphitized (Hypercarb ) carbon model. The coefficients for MIPS and MIHB were 0.807 and 0.856, compared to 0.558 and 0.706 obtained with the model carbon phase. No reasonable correlation was obtained for MIES and MIVW because these interactions are not the main contributors to retention in normal-phase liquid chromatography. In terms of chromatographic behavior, phenol and p-cresol were not outliers. Their strong retention on the graphitized carbon is partly supported by the silica gel model phase. 

The design of the reactor internals has not been addressed yet, but they likely will be made of graphite or carbon composites to accommodate the high-core outlet temperature required by the NGNP (1000°C). It is possible that carbon-insulated metallic alloy will be used for the core support structure, although this has not been evaluated yet. Control rods will be required to provide for reactor startup, normal operation, and shutdown. The munber and placement of control rods has not been evaluated yet, but the rods will be constructed from carbon composites for the drive shafts and absorber casing and boron carbide or other high-temperature absorber for the neutron absorber. The control rod drive mechanisms will be located above the reactor enclosure head. 

Fig. 17 Comptirisons of BET surface normalized carbon corrosion rates of approximately 50 wt% Pt/KB with approximately 50wt% Pt/graphitized KB (graph-KB) catalysts at 95°C, 1.2 V (vs. RHE) and 80%RH. y. The working electrode was fed with N the counter/reference electrode was at the same temperature...

Fig. XVII-22. Isosteric heats of adsorption for Kr on graphitized carbon black. Solid line calculated from isotherms at 110.14, 114.14, and 117.14 K dashed line calculated from isotherms at 122.02, 125.05, and 129.00 K. Point A reflects the transition from a fluid to an in-registry solid phase points B and C relate to the transition from the in-registry to and out-of-registry solid phase. The normal monolayer point is about 124 mol/g. [Reprinted with permission from T. P. Vo and T. Fort, Jr., J. Phys. Chem., 91, 6638 (1987) (Ref. 131). Copyright 1987, American Chemical Society.]...

Porous bron2e and iron, a variety of plastics, carbon—graphite, wood, and mbber are widely used in dry sliding or under conditions of sparse lubrication. These materials have commonly allowed design simplifications, freedom from regular maintenance, reduced sensitivity to contamination, and good performance at low speeds and with intermittent lubrication. Although these materials are often used dry or with sparse lubrication, performance normally improves the closer the approach to full-film lubrication. 

---