Graphene charge carriers

X 10 cm s has been attributed to carrier confinement and coherence [216-218]. In addition, graphene has shown a strong ambipolar electric field, i.e., charge carriers can be alternated between holes and electrons depending upon the nature of the gate voltage [183]. 

Ponomarenko LA, Yang R, Mohiuddin TM et al (2009) Effect of a high-k environment on charge carrier mobility in graphene. Phys Rev Lett 102 206603/1-206603/4... 

Latil S, Henrard L (2006) Charge carrier in few-layer graphene films. Phys Rev Lett 97 036803... 

Most carbon materials behave as semiconductors, due to the k electrons and the holes present in the graphene layers, which can act as charge carriers [69]. Since the enhancement of conductivity of carbons at high temperatures is related to structural rearrangements (graphitization), the conductivity of carbons provides valuable information about the carbon surfaces. Due to the fact that the ESR is sensitive to unpaired electrons (delocalized k electrons and free radicals), it can be useful to study the chemical and electrochemical processes that occur on carbon surfaces. Despite this, only a few papers address the use of ESR spectroscopy for the surface characterization of carbon samples [59,257]. The shape... 

W. Pisula, X. Feng, K. Mullen, Charge-carrier transporting graphene-type molecules. Chem. Mater. 23, 554-567 (2011)... 

Graphene is a 2D crystal of sp -hybridized carbon atoms. In this form, carbon exhibits unusual electronic properties. For instance, the charge carriers on a single-atomic graphene sheet are massless Dirac fermions with speeds 300 times smaller... 

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