Grains measurements

Due to the way we followed to arrive at Eq. (5.59), the elTective damping at 1 = 0 [i.e., virtually that of Eq. (5.44)] is the result of a sort of coarse-grained measurement on the short time region of the corresponding equilibrium correlation function. In accordance with the linear response theory,(y(l)) as given by Eq. (5.59) should tend to coincide with the corresponding equilibrium correlation function as (v )cxc... 

Fig. 15 Mg/Ca ratio of a calcite grain measured by LA-ICP-MS. Data are shown standardized both to a pressed calcite pellet (Hathorne et al. 2003) (circles) and to the certified NIST 612 glass reference material (Pearce 1997) (squares). Error bars show the standard deviation (Itr) of c. 70 x 0.9 s integrations. The shaded horizontal bar represents encompasses the mean and standard deviation (Itr n = 18) of the Mg/Ca ratio obtained by solution ICP-MS analysis of the same sample. Note that there is a systematic offset between the solution ICP-MS data and the LA-ICP-MS data standardized to NIST 612 this is presumably related to matrix-induced fraction. Data are from Hathorne et al. (2008).

At early stages of device fabrication and on surfaces that are conducting, the STM can be used to examine the grain structure, rotation of grains, measure device step heights and angles, and, as mentioned above, check surface... 

Fig. 18.16 The terrestrial ages of stony and iron meteorites from the ice fields adjacent to the Allan Hills range from <100 x lO to 2,200 X 10 years. All dates were calculated from the rate of decay of cosmogenic Q in metallic Fe-Ni-Co grains measured by means of accelerator mass spectrometry (Data from Nishiizumi et al. 1989 Michlovich et al. 1995 Scherer et at 1997)...

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