Grain-boundary chemistry direct observations

Also, indirect insight into the chemistry of the grain boundaries can be obtained by referring to early work by Westbrook (1967), in which electrochemical potentials and the grain-boundary corrosion properties are affected. These results could be explained by direct observation of the chemical compositions at the grainboundary plane. Thereby, the controlling element would be identiHed and also the correlation between these chemical properties and the chemistry at the grain boundary would be understood. 

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