Glyceric acid

Glyceric acid is formed as an intermediate of glycolate pathway. It is also obtained by dephosphorylation of 3-phosphoglyceric acid which is an intermediate of carbohydrate metabolism, the initial product of photosynthetic CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle, or an oxygenation product of ribulose bis-phosphate in photorespiration. 

---

D-glyceric acid + NH amino acid(s) + selenol(s) glycerate dehydrogenase + Ala dehydrogenase 202... 

Methylsuccinic acid has been prepared by the pyrolysis of tartaric acid from 1,2-dibromopropane or allyl halides by the action of potassium cyanide followed by hydrolysis by reduction of itaconic, citraconic, and mesaconic acids by hydrolysis of ketovalerolactonecarboxylic acid by decarboxylation of 1,1,2-propane tricarboxylic acid by oxidation of /3-methylcyclo-hexanone by fusion of gamboge with alkali by hydrog. nation and condensation of sodium lactate over nickel oxide from acetoacetic ester by successive alkylation with a methyl halide and a monohaloacetic ester by hydrolysis of oi-methyl-o -oxalosuccinic ester or a-methyl-a -acetosuccinic ester by action of hot, concentrated potassium hydroxide upon methyl-succinaldehyde dioxime from the ammonium salt of a-methyl-butyric acid by oxidation with. hydrogen peroxide from /9-methyllevulinic acid by oxidation with dilute nitric acid or hypobromite from /J-methyladipic acid and from the decomposition products of glyceric acid and pyruvic acid. The method described above is a modification of that of Higginbotham and Lapworth. ... 

Glycerin-phosphorsaure, /. glycerophoephoric acid, -saure, /. glyceric acid, -seife, /. glycerin soap. 

R)-Glyceraldehyde. Fischer projection of, 976 molecular model of, 976, 977 Glyceric acid, structure of. 753 Glycerol, catabolism of, 1132-1133 s/i-Glycerol 3-phosphate, naming of, 1132... 

Table 1. Asymmetric synthesis of (R)-a-Substituted Glyceric Acids, (R)-4.

Once the configuration of the glyceric acids was known (in relation to the glyceraldehydes), it was then possible to relate other compounds to either of these, and each time a new compound was related, others could be related to it. In this way, many thousands of compounds were related, indirectly, to d- or L-glyceraldehyde, and it was determined that 34, which has the d configuration, is the isomer that... 

Conversion of the unknown to, or formation of the unknown from, a compound of known configuration without disturbing the chiral center. See the glyceraldehyde-glyceric acid example above (p. 138). Since the chiral... 

Monitoring of the oxygen pressure during reaction indicated that the rate of conversion of glycerol to glyceric acid under basic conditions (see section 3.3) was limited by oxygen mass transfer. All other reactions were free from gas-liquid diffusion control but this does not exclude the possible limitation by intra-porous diffusion. 

Figure 8. Product composition vs. time for glyceric acid oxidation at pH=10-ll on 5%Pt2%Bi/C.

Scheme 2. Proposed mechanism for oxidation of the secondary alcohol function of glyceric acid.

The liquid-phase oxidation of glycerol was carried out by using carbon-supported gold particles of different sizes (2.7 2 nm) which were prepared by a colloidal route [120]. Indeed, a particle-size effect was observed because the selectivity to glyceric acid was increased to 75% with smaller particle sizes (4)ptmimn = 3.7 nm). 

Figure 17-19. Various hydroxy acids glycolic acid, lactic acid, glyceric acid, mandelic acid, gluconic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid.

In Figure 34.7b, the relative selectivity to byproducts such as EG and organic acids is shown (primarily acetic, lactic and glyceric acids). Not all carbon supports are equivalent, as there are a wide variety of source materials that are used in their production. Note that the highest acid selectivity is shown with the catalyst based on a graphitic carbon and on a carbon support first treated with titania. 

Biomass is a renewable resource from which various useful chemicals and fuels can be produced. Glycerol, obtained as a co-product of the transesterification of vegetable oils to produce biodiesel, is a potential building block to be processed in biorefineries (1,2). Attention has been recently paid to the conversion of glycerol to chemicals, such as propanediols (3, 4), acrolein (5, 6), or glyceric acid (7, 8). 

Selective thioesterification of glyceric acid and lactic acid.[187]... 

Clam, Elliptio complanata 101 pg/L for 7 days Acrolein not detected in tissues glyceric acid and unidentified carbohydrates were the major metabolites 25... 

---