Arginine synthesis from glutamate

The major tissues involved in net arginine synthesis from glutamate for body protein synthesis are... 

Proline is synthesized from glutamate in three steps. The second step is a spontaneous cyclization reaction. In arginine synthesis the acetylation of glutamate prevents the cyclization reaction. In mammals the reactions that convert ornithine to arginine are part of the urea cycle. 

In plants, this non-protein amino acid is derived from L-glutamate and in animals from L-arginine. Moreover, Figure 23 demonstrates that synthesis of alkaloids is complicated by the ability of the same amino acid to synthesize many different alkaloids. 

Amino acids can be obtained by hydrolysis of proteins, chemical synthesis, fermentation (e.g. of sugars), and enzymatic processes [32], They serve similar purposes as proteins, but in addition, aspartic acid and glutamic acid were rated as top value-added chemicals, which can be converted to further fine chemicals [8]. Another example is the production of building blocks like ethylenediamine and butanediamine from serine and arginine, respectively [6],... 

The synthesis of IV-acetylglutamate from acetyl CoA and glutamate is stimulated by arginine. 

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