Glucose logistics

This is a combination of a proportional control (first term of the parentheses) and a differential (second term). The beta cell is thus able to respond with a fast, but transient, response dependent on the rate of glucose change. This is demonstrated in Fig. 6.5b, where the glucose concentration increases from 5 mM to 10 mM as a logistic function with different slopes. The figure shows that there is an increasing overshoot for increasing slope. This type of differential control explains part of the so-called first phase of insulin release [33-35]. 

Figure 3.5 Modelled glucose attenuation data (MG, modified Gompertz IBF, incomplete 3-function 5P, five-parameter logistic). The residuals for each model are depicted on the right. 

Fig. 10 illustrates the results of a multifactor cross-classification analysis from the same study, for white men age 45-64, with five risk factors dichotomized (including plasma glucose 1-hour post-50-gm-oral-load). With exclusion from the analysis of hypertensives on treatment and diabetics on treatment, glucose and rate of major ECG abnormalities were significantly related in two cases (noted by asterisks), but not in two others, and in only one of four comparisons for white women age 45-64 (Fig. 11). Similar inconsistent results were obtained with the more elegant multiple logistic regression technique (Fig. 12) where in only two of four analyses (after exclusion of hypertensives on treatment) were the values greater than 2.00 obtained indicating a significant relationship between post-load plasma glucose and major ECG abnormalities.

Fig. 12. Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry one-hour post-load plasma glucose and myocardial infarction, ischemia, current of injury on ECG 7 variable pultiple logistic regression analysis, by age-sex, whites, including and excluding persons on antihypertensive treatment. The seven variables are age, cigarettes per day, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, relative weight, 1-hour post-load plasma glucose (29).

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