Glucose an aldohexose

The monosaccharide D-( + )-glucose, an aldohexose, is formed by plants in photosynthesis and is converted to the polysaccharides cellulose and starch. Simple saccharides are called sugars. Polysaccharides are hydrolyzable to monosaccharides e.g., a mol of trisaccharide gives 3 mol of monosaccharides. 

The molecular formula of glucose, an aldohexose, is CgHjjO. The structure of glucose is shown in Figure 17.6, and the method used to draw this structure is described in Example 17.1. 

Glucose An aldohexose, also called dextrose or grape sugar. 

In monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose), the cyclic ring structure is formed by the intramolecular reaction between the carbonyl and the hydroxyl groups within the same molecule. Glucose (an aldohexose) forms a cyclic hemiacetal by the intramolecular reaction between the aldehyde group of carbon 1 and the hydroxyl group of carbon 5. 

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