Glancing Angle X-ray Geometry

3 Crazing Incidence X-ray Methods for Near-surface Structural Studies 209 

The equation for the coefficient of reflection of a flat surface in air at an incident angle rj is given by  

For low angles of incidence, i. e. angles of incidence of a few degrees the l/e penetration depth is given by  

We have seen that partial reflection of an X-ray beam occurs from a surface at angles of incidence above (j with the intensity dropping off rapidly with (j . In fact partial or total reflection occurs at the interface between any two materials with different re- 

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