Genetic manipulation predictability

In control situations, equation (9) is reduced to just one discrete point, controlled variable. In this case the objective function set the perturbation, as well as the non-controlled variables, and the genetic algorithm predictive control is performed. Table 4 presents a series of simulations, for some common perturbations, and presents the new calculated values for the manipulated variable. The references values used for these calculations are t those presented prior to the steady state optimisation. The controlled variable is the temperature, while the manipulated is the fuel. 

Each of these mistakes is not necessarily a mistake at all, but is part of a reasonable and predictable genetic response from a broad perspective. Biologist James A. Shapiro gives several examples in which drastic genetic manipulations, including whole-genome duplications, are turned on in plants to accelerate evolution and increase the chances of survival. Whole-genome duplications can be a predictable response to environmental stress. 

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