Genetic components

Materials and Reactions. Candle systems vary in mechanical design and shape but contain the same genetic components (Fig. 1). The candle mass contains a cone of material high in iron which initiates reaction of the soHd chlorate composite. Reaction of the cone material is started by a flash powder train fired by a spring-actuated hammer against a primer. An electrically heated wire has also been used. The candle is wrapped in insulation and held in an outer housing that is equipped with a gas exit port and rehef valve. Other elements of the assembly include gas-conditioning filters and chemicals and supports for vibration and shock resistance (4). 

The Centralized Reliability Data Organization (CREDO) is maintained at ORNL to provide a central computer-based source of accurate, timely data and information for use in reliability, availability and maintainability analyses of liquid metal reactors (LMRs). CREDO is a component-based system, that addresses a comprehensive list of 45 genetic components that are representative of all components found at LMRs. 

Figure 1-1. Examples ofthe two-way street connecting biochemistry and medicine. Knowledge ofthe biochemical molecules shown in the top part of the diagram has clarified our understanding ofthe diseases shown in the bottom half—and conversely, analyses ofthe diseases shown below have cast light on many areas of biochemistry. Note that sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease and that both atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus have genetic components.

The role of an immune response to intestinal bacteria in the development of UC may not be as strong a contributing factor as it is in CD. The potential role of environmental factors in the development of UC implies that the immune response is directed against an unknown antigen. The findings that development and severity of UC are reduced in patients who smoke, or in those with appendectomies, may support the theory that these factors may somehow modify either the genetic component or phenotypic response to immunologic stimuli.11,13... 

MS probably has a genetic component there is a 5% risk for family members of MS patients. Monozygotic twins, who share the same genetic material, are at highest risk, with a 25% to 30% concordance rate.4 However, a straightforward inheritance pattern cannot fully explain the etiology of MS, because only a small proportion of patients have a known family member with MS.4... 

Steinmetz CG, Xie P, Weiner H, Hurley TD. Structure of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase The genetic component of alcohol aversion. Structure 1997 5 701-711. 

Given that there is strong evidence for a genetic component to tobacco addiction the identification of genes that may be responsible for this link leads to exciting new opportunities to help people to withdraw from nicotine and to prevent relapse. 

There is a significant genetic component in psoriasis. Studies of histocompatibility antigens in psoriatic patients indicate a number of significant associations, especially with HLA-Cw6, where the relative likelihood for developing psoriasis is 9 to 15 times normal. 

As with any patent application, to obtain a patent on a gene, genetic component (e.g., EST or SNP), or diagnostic or therapeutic method, the applicant must demonstrate the utility, novelty, and nonobviousness of the discovery. The applicant must also supply a disclosure and written description of the subject of the proposed patent that is sufficient in detail to show that the inventor had possession of the claimed subject matter at the time of application and to enable one skilled in the field to make use of the claimed subject matter. Although the fundamental elements of patentability have been in place for decades for protection of such innovations as new mechani-... 

The immune system is a very complex system with many redundant control systems. One hint of this complexity is that idiopathic lupus has a high genetic component, and there are 48 chromosomal regions that have been linked to the risk of idiopathic lupus yet, the child of a person with lupus only has a 5% chance of developing lupus [107],... 

Autoimmunity. In autoimmunity, as with hypersensitivity, the immune system is stimulated by specific responses that are pathogenic, and both tend to have a genetic component that predisposes some individuals more than others. However, as is the case with hypersensitivity, the adverse immune response of drug-induced autoimmunity is not restricted to the drug itself, but also involves a response to selfantigens. 

---