General Methodology of X-Ray Diffraction Studies

Physical-Chemical Mechanics of Disperse Systems and Materials 

One can also conduct comparative studies using a specimen of a hydrated powder with very high water-to-solid (W/S) ratio that has been pounded to prevent bridging. The same methodology can also be used to study the residual stresses in samples obtained by powder pressing. In the latter case, the reference material is the original uncompressed (unstressed) powder. 

The experimental XRD studies were conducted in backscatlering chambers positioned for exposure from the back side of the cylindrical samples of 10 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height. An x-ray tube with a cobalt anode was used. The half width of the interference line (A , radians) was determined geometrically from the intensity curve, using the integral intensity method. 

The calculation of p values was carried out using the following expressions representing the two extremes for the approximation of the line shapes  

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