Gene manipulation enzymes

Iuchi, S., M. Kobayashi et al. (2001). Regulation of drought tolerance by gene manipulation of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, a key enzyme in abscisic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 27(4) 325-333. 

Stockigt, J., Lansing, A., Falkenhagen, H., Endreb, S. and Ruyter, G.M. (1992) Plant cell cultures a source of novel phytochemicals and enzymes, in Plant Tissue Culture and Gene Manipulation for Breeding and Formation of Phytochemicals (eds K. Oono, T. Hirabayashi, S. Kikuchi, H. Handa and K. Kajiwara). Niar, Japan, pp. 277-92. 

Fig. 13.3A Pareto-optimal fronts for gene manipulations (1-enzyme 2-enzyme A 3-enzyme o) in simultaneous maximization of DAHPS and PEPCxylase flux ratios (Case A).

Fig. 11.3 Simplified diagram of isoprenoid metabolic pathway relative to the conversions among carotenoids that have been genetically manipulated. Enzymes catalysing some key reactions are indicated by the following abbreviations IPI, isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase PSY, phytoene synthase PDS, phytoene desaturase (crti, gene from Erwinia uredovora) ZDS, -carotene desaturase LCYB, lycopene / -cyclase CRTR-b, /3-carotene 3,3 -hydroxylase CCS, capsanthin-capsombin synthase CRTO, /3-carotene ketolase.

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) constitute an important group of conditions in which the potential of gene manipulation as therapy can be assessed. They are monogenic defects, often with severe manifestations for which there are limited treatment options. Overexpression of tlie lysosomal hydrolase by gene-conected cells results in secretion of some of the enzyme and its uptake by uncorrected bystander cells (metabolic cooperativity). Gene therapy shategies, enzyme therapy and bone maiiow transplantation have all been described. 

---