Gating theory

A potential-gating theory is proposed to account for the asymmetric distribution of lAA induced by a tropic stimulis. 

Here, is an effective overlap parameter that characterizes the tunneling of chaiges from one site to the other (it has the same meaning as a in Eq. (14.60)). T0 is the characteristic temperature of the exponential distribution and a0 and Be are adjustable parameters connected to the percolation theory. Bc is the critical number of bonds reached at percolation onset. For a three-dimensional amorphous system, Bc rs 2.8. Note that the model predicts a power law dependence of the mobility with gate voltage. 

Much remains to be done to develop the chemistry of organic hgands on supported metal clusters, and substantial progress is to be expected as the samples are well suited to characterization, by IR, NMR, and neutron scattering (F. Li, J. Eckert, and B.C. Gates, unpubhshed results) spectroscopies, as well as density functional theory. 

Lapidus.In pursuit of gold alchemy in theory and practice additions and extractions by Stephen Skinner. Edited by Stephen Skinner. New York Weiser, 1976. Contains an Abridged Version of G. Ripley s Long Poem, The Twelve Gates of Alchemy and an Abridged Version of Paracelsus s The Theory of Alchemy... 

Fig. 17 Temperature dependence of the hole mobility measured in an FET with (a) pentacene and (b) P3HT as active layers. Parameter Is the gate voltage. Data fitting using the Fishchuk et al. theory in [102] yields values for the mobility and the disorder potential extrapolated to zero electric field and zero carrier concentration. To is the Meyer-Nedel temperature (see text). From [102] with permission. Copyright (2010) by the American Institute of Physics...

There remains the question of how nature can inflict pain on an organism that can control its own reinforcement. Modern operant theory has corrected many of the awkward features of older, two-factor theories of punishment (Hermstein 1969) it portrays pain as simple non-reward, to which an organism attends because it contains adaptive information. However, pain cannot be just the absence of reward or. in terms of the model just presented, the absence of effective rationing devices for self-reward. The person in pain is not just bored, as he would be in a stimulus deprivation situation, but feels attacked by a process that prevents him from enjoying food, entertainment or whatever other sources of reward may be available. And yet the person must perform a motivated act, the direction of his attention to the pain, in order for it to have its effect. As we have seen, pain can be and sometimes is deliberately shut out of consciousness. How does nature get people to open their gates to pain ... 

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