Gaseous ionization

Nasser, E. Fundamentals of Gaseous Ionization and Plasma Electronics, New York, Wiley — Interscience, 1971... 

Estimate the standard free energy of hydration of one mole of gaseous ionized NaCl. The necessary information is given in Sections 4.7 and... 

Ionization associated with the presence of solid particles in flames is small and easily obscured by gaseous ionization of volatile impurities. It can be demonstrated experimentally in certain systems and can be shown to depend on the particle size, number density, and work function as predicted by the theory of Smith or Soo and Dimick. Salts such as the alkali halides volatilize slowly and mix by diffusion. Residual inhomogeneities in ion distribution give the appearance of particulate ionization. 

This argument has been developed further to include the effects of charge distribution and of other gaseous ionization, and the final equations of Smith (S) agree generally with an alternative kinetic approach such as that of Soo and Dimick (9). It is convenient to express the... 

Nasser, E. Fundamentals of gaseous ionization and plasma electronics. New York WUey-... 

Gas-phase properties of a molecule have, by definition, an intrinsic character and they could be modified by the environment. Although the formation and reactions of gaseous ionized phenol 21 (cf. Chart 5) and its cyclohexa-2,4-dienone isomer 22 have been studied in numerous ionization and mass spectrometric studies , thermochemical parameters of these isomers as well as information on other non-conventional isomers, such as the distonic ion 23, were rather scarce. Conventional cations of analogous aromatic systems (X—CeH5) + and their distonic isomers generated by simple 1,2-hydrogen shifts within the ring were demonstrated to be observable gas-phase species . In addition, the mechanism of the CO-loss upon phenol ionization has only recently been unraveled . ... 

A.26.15 (a) Mass spectrometry uses the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of the gaseous ionized molecular ions. Its separation results in a plot that shows the abundance of a particular molecular fragment as a function of its m/z ratio, (b) The compounds could have identical masses and charges. One compound could be a multiple of the mass of the other compound, e.g. 2 1, and have die same ratio in charge. The researcher could have mistakenly used the same compound for both tests. Because of the last possibility, the researcher should repeat her experiment to make certain the result is reproducible. 

E. Nasser, Fundamentals of Gaseous Ionization of Plasma Electronics, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1971. 

However, typically large and positive AG° values associated with gaseous ionization render this acidity measurement problematic. Examination of the explicit HB ionization above is impossible in solution independent H+ ions do not exist in solution because of their strong interaction with solvent molecules. 

Fig. 3.10. Schematic view of Bragg counter spectrometer (BCS) with grided gaseous ionization chamber as AE detector with semiconductor detector as F-detector forming AE — E teiescope...

Solvation energies are undoubtedly important, especially for ions, but do not often change the qualitative effect of structure on gas phase energies (vide infra). The gaseous ionization energy term may be dissected further ... 

A similar result has been obtained by Tait et al. (28), who have found that the /-values for various substituted phenoxy radicals also correlate well with solvation energies so common in interpretations of the effect of structure on relative rates of reactions in solution. 

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