Gas Flame Combustion

The idea is to feed the vaporized metal precursor into a flame in the presence of oxygen the heat evolved by combustion of the fuel decomposes the precursor, forming the oxide. For instance, nitrogen saturated with TiCU at 90 °C is mixed with air and fed into a H2-O2 coflow diffusion flame, producing titania particles [52] by using different O2 partial pressures (N2-O2 mixtures), particles with different properties (anatase content, crystallite size, SSA, etc.) can be prepared [53]. 

In the flame spray pyrolysis method [54], the metal precursor (titanium tetrai-sopropoxide) was diluted with a mixture of xylene and acetonitrile [54] or N2 [55] and fed into a reactor, simultaneously with O2 and methane (fuel), producing titania particles. 

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Hughes, P. M., Lacelle, R. J., Wong, J., and Moffatt, B. "CARS and Sample Probe Measurements in Two Pilot-Scale Natural Gas Flames." Combustion Science and Technology 175 (2003) 393-420. 

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