Gamma hydroxybutyrate overdose

Boyer EW, Quang L, Woolf A, et al Use of physostigmine in the management of gamma-hydroxybutyrate overdose (letter). Ann Emerg Med 38 346, 2001 Buffiim J, Moser C MDMA and human sexual dysfunction. J Psychoactive Drugs 18 355-359, 1986... 

Caldicott, D.G., and M. Kuhn. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate Overdose and Physostigmine Teaching New Tricks to an Old Drug Annuals of Emergency Medicine 37 (1) (2001) ... 

Li J, Stokes SA, Woeckener A A tale of novel intoxication seven cases of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid overdose. Ann Emerg Med 31 723—728, 1998a Li J, Stokes SA, Woeckener A A tale of novel intoxication a review of the effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid with recommendations for management. Ann Emerg Med 31 729-736, 1998b... 

Li, J., S. A. Stokes, and A. Woeckener. A Tale of Novel Intoxication Seven Cases of Gamma-hydroxybutyric Acid Overdose. Annals of Emergency Medicine 31 (1998) 723-728... 

Many recreational drugs such as benzodiazepines, amphetamines, and opioids are also metabolized by the liver. Although information is scant about the clinical significance and interactions between these drugs and antiretroviral agents, unintentional overdoses with methamphetamine and gamma hydroxybutyrate have been reported in patients using Pis, particularly ritonavir. Pis and NRTIs may alter metabohsm of methadone and precipitate opioid withdrawal (McCance-Katz et al., 2003). 

Flunitrazepam fits part of the description of this date rape drug, but it is not chemically related to known neurotransmitters. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB Liquid ecsta.sy ), a popular street drug, is structurally related to GABA. GHB causes amnesia and in overdose has resulted in seizures, coma, and death. Metcathinone (khat, Cat ) is a natural plant alkaloid with CNS-stimulating properties similar to those of amphetamine. The answer is (C). 

Drug overdose Two deaths and one non-fatal intoxication following ingestion of gamma-butyrolactone, a precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, have been reported in another case a 36-year-old woman obtained gamma-butyrolactone from nail polish remover pads [51 ]. 

GBL (Gamma-butyrolactone) and GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid) are increasingly common, and linked with the club and gay scenes and steroid use in gyms. Both drugs are swallowed as colourless liquids GBL is quickly converted to GHB. They act on GABA pathways and can be fatal in overdose and withdrawal. Dependent users may dose as often as every l-2h. Be aware that overdose can switch to withdrawal within a few hours ITable 77.21. 

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