Gadolinium hydration number

Gd(III) complexes in aqueous solution an understanding of the parameters that define the erystal field interactions (cfi) among different contrast agents the hydration number, i.e., the water coordination number in aqueous and biological matrices the gadolinium-water proton distance. The first area was reviewed recently by Borel and eoworkers [17] in this series, and will only be treated briefly here. The other three areas are covered in more detail. 

Raitsimring AM, Astashkin AV, Baute D, Goldfarb D, Poluektov OG, Lowe MP, Zech SG, Caravan P. 2006. Determination of the hydration number of gadolinium(III) complexes by high-field pulsed O ENDOR spectroscopy. ChemPhys Chem 7 1590-1597. 

The only complexes of lanthanum or cerium to be described are [La(terpy)3][C104]3 175) and Ce(terpy)Cl3 H20 411). The lanthanum compound is a 1 3 electrolyte in MeCN or MeN02, and is almost certainly a nine-coordinate mononuclear species the structure of the cerium compound is not known with any certainty. A number of workers have reported hydrated 1 1 complexes of terpy with praseodymium chloride 376,411,438), and the complex PrCl3(terpy)-8H20 has been structurally characterized 376). The metal is in nine-coordinate monocapped square-antiprismatic [Pr(terpy)Cl(H20)5] cations (Fig. 24). Complexes with a 1 1 stoichiometry have also been described for neodymium 33, 409, 411, 413, 417), samarium 33, 411, 412), europium 33, 316, 411, 414, 417), gadolinium 33, 411), terbium 316, 410, 414), dysprosium 33, 410, 412), holmium 33, 410), erbium 33, 410, 417), thulium 410, 412), and ytterbium 410). The 1 2 stoichiometry has only been observed with the later lanthanides, europium 33, 411, 414), gadolinium, dysprosium, and erbium 33). 

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