Funnel, energy

Accessory Pigments Funnel Energy Into Reaction Centers... 

B. Han, J. Wang, Quantifying robustness and dissipation cost of yeast cell cycle network the funneled energy landscape perspectives. Biophys. J. 92(11), 3755-3763 (2007)... 

Accessory Pigments Funnel Energy into Reaction Centers (Text Section 19.5)... 

Figure 1 One-dimensional representation of (a) a rough energy landscape that is typical of frustrated sequences. The landscape is characterized by numerous low-energy minima separated by high-energy barriers. The energetic bias 8E to the global minimum is of the same magnitude as the roughness of the surface AE (5E AE). (b) A funneled energy landscape of a foldable sequence. Here 5E AE and the native state is both thermodynamically and kinetically accessible.

In general, the different temperatures will deviate from one another only if the population distribution of the different modes (e.g. the rotational distribution, as given in eq. 3) is suddenly and selectively changed. However, due to rapid internal relaxation and collisional energy exchange between molecules in the liquid phase, temperature equilibrium (eq. 4) is usually reestablished in less than a nanosecond. Thus, the temperature T of a system can be rapidly and effectively raised by funneling energy into the system in either of the four modes. 

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