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Fundamental Relations on Piezoelectricity and the Electrostriction Effect

Fundamental equations for piezoelectric effect due to uniform strain S are given in the form  [Pg.4]

The piezoelectric constant eik is a third-rank tensor and vanishes when the material has a center of symmetry. When the strain is not uniform, however, a higher order piezoelectricity appears in proportion to the [Pg.4]

The derivative des/dS is called an electrostriction constant (a fourth-rank tensor) and is designated k in the following. By use of Eq. (8), Eq. (1) is written as [Pg.5]

When S varies with the frequency to under the condition E = 0, the variation of D arises only from the piezoelectric effect. When the material is biased with a d.c. field E0, the apparent piezoelectric constant is given by [Pg.5]

In the usual experiment where E0 = 0, the term kSE in Eq. (9) does not make any contribution as far as the electrical response with the same frequency as the mechanical excitation is concerned. However, as will be described in 2.2 and 2.4, the piezoelectric constant of a polymer film is sometimes a function of the electrostriction constant which plays an important role in the anisotropy and relaxational behavior of the piezoelectric effect. [Pg.5]


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