Functional groups in coal

Painter P, Starsimc M, Coleman M (1985) Determination of functional groups in coal by Founer transform interferometry In Ferraro JR, Basile U (eds) Founer transform infrared spectroscopy - applications to chemical systems, Vol 4 Academic Press, New York, 169-241... 

Data on the Distribution of Organic Sulfur Functional Groups in Coals... 

Painter, P. Starsinic, M. Coleman, M. Determination of functional groups in coal by fourier transform interferometry. In Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Application to Chemical Systems (J.R. Ferraro and L.J. Basile, Eds.), V. 4, Acad. Press, London, 1985, 169-241. 

Fig. 4.6 Variation in oxygen-containing functional groups in coal with carbon content (after Whitehurst et al. 1980).

Application to tiie Quantitative Detennination of Functional Groups in Coal... 

We will then consider how such routines can be applied to the quantitative determination of specific functional groups in coal. Published work concerning the analysis of mineral matter in coal... 

Recently, Fuller and Griffiths (11) have demonstrated that diffuse reflectance could be extremely useful. Photoacoustic spectroscopy also has potential (12-15). However, at this time the application of these techniques to the quantitative determination of functional groups in coal remains to be demonstrated. 

The Application Of FTIR To The Quantitative Determination Of Functional Groups In Coal... 

FIGURE 19 Oxygen functional groups in coals. (Large O stand for oxygen.) [From Ihnatowicz, A. (1952). Bull. Central Research Mining Institute, Katowice, No. 125. (In Polish).]... 

Indications can be given by tracing the possible chemical precursors in the original mess of pottage that can lead to a variety of hydrocarbon and heteroatom chemical functional groups in coal and which can be determined by various analytical techniques. 

Most of the early evidence for the presence, or the absence, of functional groups in coal has been obtained from infrared spectra of solid coals (Table 10.6). However, more recent and detailed examination of the functional entities in coal has brought to light several more interesting features of the occurrence and the distribution of the heteroatoms. 

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