Fumarates Experimental Procedure

The simplest unsaturated dicarboxylic acids are maleic acid and fumaric acid, both of which are cheap, commercially available, materials. They are geometric isomers maleic acid is the (Z) isomer (19), and fumaric acid is the (E) isomer (20). Maleic acid forms an internal anhydride, maleic anhydride (21), which is widely used to form adducts with conjugated dienes (the Diels-Alder reaction, Section 7.6). The formation of the anhydride from maleic acid and the conversion of maleic acid into fumaric acid are described in Expt 5.218. The hydrogenation of maleic acid to succinic acid is of value as a means of evaluating the activity of a catalyst for use in hydrogenations at atmospheric pressure the experimental procedure is given in Section 2.17.1, p. 87. [Pg.805]

The experimental procedure described here for the preparation of Ru(ti -methyl acrylate)(C0)4 is applicable to a variety of other olefins as manifested by the syntheses of Ru(Ti -olefin)(CO)4 complexes of, for example, dimethyl fumarate, dimethyl maleate, allyl acrylate, methyl vinyl ketone (3-butene-2-one), and acrylonitrile. ... [Pg.180]

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