Fullerene complexes mass spectrometry

Figure 2. The new species added to our chemical models of interstellar clouds. The species range in complexity from 10-64 carbon atoms and comprise the following groups of molecules linear carbon chains, monocyclic rings, tricyclic rings, and fullerenes. The synthetic pathways are also indicated. See ref. 83. Reproduced from the International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes, vol. 149/150, R.P.A. Bettens, Eric Herbst "The interstellar gas phase production of highly complex hydrocarbons construction of a model", pp 321-343 (1995) with kind permission from Elsevier Science-NL, Sara Burgerhartstraat 25,1055 KV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

It might be mentioned that there is quite a large empty space in the interior of the fullerene molecule. It has proven possible to trap various rare-gas atoms and small molecules within the fullerene interior, and the subject has been studied in some detail. Helium and argon, for example, can be inserted into the fullerene cage at high temperatures and pressures. The resulting structures are referred to as endohedral complexes, and they can be identified by mass spectrometry. ... 

Lhotak and coworkers [11] produced the mono-nitrated tetramethylcalix[5]arene (4) which had been designed to smdy fullerene complexation using cyclic voltammetry. Although this method was ultimately tmsuccessful, complexes between 4 and Ceo or C70 in solution were proven by mass spectrometry an equimolar mixture of 4, Ceo and C70 in toluene was subjected to mass spectrometry screening using electrospray ionization in the negative mode. The peaks corresponding to the formation of complexes 4 Ceo (jn z= 1351.25534) and 4 C7o... 

This review covers all organometallic complexes of Sc, Y and the lanthanides reported in the year 2000 and their reactions. Endohedral fullerene complexes of the lanthanides have, as usual, been excluded. Highlights this year include striking reports of lanthanides in non-classical oxidation states (Sections 3.2 and 5), a remarkable reversible dinitrogen activation described in Section 3.9.2 and evidence for the existence of the divalent hydrides LnH2(THF)2 (Ln = Sm, Yb) (Section 3.10). In addition Evans has assessed the utility of electrospray mass spectrometry for the characterization of organolathanides. The results are promising and the spectra and dissociation patterns show sensitivity to the metal and its oxidation state. ... 

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