Fuel inorganic-organic membranes

Advances in the Development of Inorganic-Organic Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications... 

Jones D J and Rozibre J (2008), Advances in the development of inorganic/organic membranes for fuel cell applications , Polym Sci, 215,219-264. 

Sol-gel techniques have been widely used to prepare ceramic or glass materials with controlled microstructures. Applications of the sol-gel method in fabrication of high-temperature fuel cells are steadily reported. Modification of electrodes, electrolytes or electrolyte/electrode interface of the fuel cell has been also performed to produce components with improved microstructures. Recently, the sol-gel method has expanded into inorganic-organic hybrid membranes for low-temperature fuel cells. This paper presents an overview concerning current applications of sol-gel techniques in fabrication of fuel cell components. 

For last few years, extensive studies have been carried out on proton conducting inorganic/organic hybrid membranes prepared by sol-gel process for PEMFC operating with either hydrogen or methanol as a fuel [23]. A major motivation for this intense interest on hybrid membranes is high cost, limitation in cell operation temperature, and methanol cross-... 

All acidic proton conductors discussed so far in this review have relied on the presence of large amounts of water (A = 10—30) as a mobile phase for the conduction of protons. Current targets for automotive use of hydrogen/air fuel cells are 120 °C and 50% or lower relative humidity. Under these conditions, the conductivity of the membrane decreases due to low water uptake at 50% relative humidity and thus creates large resistive losses in the cell. To meet the needs of advanced fuel cell systems, membranes will have to function without large amounts of absorbed water. Organic—inorganic composites are one preferred approach. ... 

Jones, D.J. and Roziere, L, Inorganic/organic composite membranes, in Handbook of Fuel Cells Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications, 1st ed., Vielstich, W., Lamm, A., and Gasteiger, H. A., Eds., John Wiley Sons, West Sussex, England, 2003, p. 447. 

Lee W, Kim H, Kim TK, Chang H (2007) Nafion based organic/inorganic composite membrane for air-breathing direct methanol fuel cells. J Membr Sci 292 29-34... 

Nagarale, R.K., Shina, W. and Singh, P.K. 2010. Progress in ionic organic-inorganic composite membranes for fuel cell apphcations. F 388-408. 

Kim YM, Choi SH, Lee HC, Hong MZ, Kim K, Lee HI. Organic-inorganic composite membranes as addition of Si02 for high temperature-operation in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Electrochim Acta 2004 49 4787-96. 

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