Frozen foams thermal insulators from

Thermal insulators from frozen aqueous foams... 

Low temperature influence on drainage rate is considered in [56,81-85]. The electrical conductivity dependence on temperature (including below the freezing point) has been studied by Balakirev and Tikhomirov [81,82], However, the authors have not reported quantitative data about drainage rate (though such calculations could be easily done) but it has been argued that the rate of liquid outflow decreases because of the increase in viscosity at low temperatures. The influence of low temperature on microsyneresis of low expansion ratio foams for production of frozen thermal insulators has been discussed in [56]. The electrical conductivity of 0.2% sodium alkylsulphonate foams was measured in the temperature range from 20 to 2°C. Table 5.6 presents the data of w0(f) dependence. 

Foams, in addition to being useful as cushioning, can be used to provide thermal insulation for products. A frozen product, for example, might be packaged with ice (or dry ice or gel packs) to provide cooling, and encased in a foam container to help reduce the conduction of heat from the surroundings into the container. Often the temperature inside and outside the container can be regarded as relatively constant, and the heat transfer process can considered essentially one-dimensional. In such cases, Fourier s law of heat conduction reduces to its one-dimensional steady-state form ... 

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