Frequency, carrier spatial

A read-out structure which improves the frequency response and the spatial resolution is suggested in GB-A-2095906. The output bias contact is shaped to concentrate an electric field bias in the immediate vicinity of the contact. This concentrated field sweeps away minority carriers which otherwise accumulate near the output contact. 

The profile of the relief etched is usually rather close to a sinusoidal one. The potentialities of the methods can be seen from Table 1, which presents for certain of the aforementioned materials the following parameters the maximal spatial frequency d attained for the gratings recorded (the maximal number of grooves/mm), the wavelength of the recording light A, and the diffusion length Lp of minority carriers in the specimens. 

Fig. 2.9 Subset of the full spectral survey of the Orion-KL region performed with the Herschel space observatory. The first panel shows the frequency coverage with two successive zooms on a small subset of the data, where the carriers of the strongest lines are identified. In the bottom panel, all lines with numbers ranging from 1 to 27 are produced by CH3OH. The second panel shows a collection of lines from HDO and HD 0. The line profile is fitted with four separate spectral components, corresponding to four spatially distinct sources of emission, that are too close to be spatially separated at the moderate angular resolution allowed by Herschel [57]...

Investigations on the efficacy of repellents in a static-air apparatus, which measures 9 X 60 cm (Figure 5.4), allow the measurement of spatial repellency and contact avoidance frequency. A potential repellent is made up in a carrier solvent (acetone or hexane), 1 mL of the solution is applied to a 9 cm filter paper (63.6 cm ), and the solvent is allowed to evaporate before testing. A treated filter paper (test compound or solvent control) is then secured to each end of the repellency apparatus. Then, 20-25 adult female mosquitoes are added into the middle of the apparatus, and their distribution is recorded at various time points throughout the experiment. Spatial repellency can be calculated as follows percentage repellency = (number of mosquitoes in the untreated half -number of mosquitoes in the treated half)/(total number of mosquitoes) x 100%. 

Displacement of mobile charges is often spatially limited due to heterogeneous stmcture of the polymer matericds or blocking electrodes therefore, the dc conductance may be not observable, but alternative current (ac) conductivity (cfac) can be found at sufficiently high frequencies. If the limitation of carrier mobility occurs at the phase boundary, the interfacial polarization occurs. The polarization may also be induced by the reorientation of the dipoles present in the stmcture of maciomolecules in the direction of electrical field. The polarization effects are related to dielectric properties characterized by complex dielectric permittivity which is frequency... 

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