Free expansion Freezing point

Clay particles occur abundantly in the soil. They are mostly colloidal aluminosilicates. To learn how their extensive surfaces react with water, we have studied the following properties of water associated with montmorillonite and other clay minerals threshold gradient [1], thermal expansibility [2, 3], isothermal compressibility [4], frequency of O—H stretching [5, 6], molar absorptivity [7], freezing point depression [8, 9] specific volume [10], specific heat capacity [11], heat of compression [12], viscosity [13], and free energy, enthalpy and entropy [6,14,15]. Not all of these properties will discussed here. Instead, we will discuss only a few of them to illustrate the kind of results obtained. 

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