Frankfurt School

Stanley Shostak I m not a holist, I ve read Kessler and I ve read the Frankfurt School and I dissociate myself from the holists. 

Theodor Adomo was a leading professor at the Frankfurt School of Social Research in Germany, founded by the British Fabian Society. A collaborator of twelve-tone formalist and British intelligence operative,... 

In this article, only the properties of the five most important benzodiazepines will be dealt with in some detail although the recently introduced substances of this class have been also studied polarographically and analytical methods have been suggested for them by the Frankfurt school [223-228]. At present classical benzodiazepines are chlorodiazepoxide (1, Librium), diazepam (2, Valium), oxazepam (3, Serenid D), nitrazepam (4, Mogadon) and dipotassiumchlorazepate (5, Tranxillum). 

In the late sixties the dream of the superheavy elements arose. Theoretical nuclear physicists around S.G. Nilsson (Lund) [1] and from the Frankfurt school [2-4] predicted that so-called closed proton and neutron shells should counteract the repelling Coulomb forces. Atomic nuclei with these special "magic" proton and neutron numbers and their neighbors could again be rather stable. These magic proton (Z) and neutron (N) numbers were thought to be Z = 114 and N = 184 or 196. Typical predictions of their life times varied between seconds and many thousand years. Figure 8.1 summarizes the expectations at the time. One can see the islands... 

FIGURE 8.1 The periodic system of elements as conceived by the Frankfurt school in the late sixties. The islands of superheavy elements (Z = 114, N = 184,196 and Z = 164, N = 318) are shown as dark hatched areas. 

There is an inherent irony here, in that the restrictive understanding of the modernist legacy that prevailed for many decades is, in part, the product of a certain kind of exile experience. With works like The Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947) and The Philosophy of Modern Music (1949), the Frankfurt School theorists Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno laid the foundation for later accounts of an unbridgeable rift between modernist art and the popular culture industry. Their pessimistic outlook was undoubtedly reinforced by their distance from American society their failure to understand how cultural formations that to them seemed crudely reductive 48... 

Elsewhere in the same book, Zizek speaks of the transcendental illusion of desire and the internal, inherent obstacle constitutive of desire as such. This is certainly a far cry from earlier Frankfurt School attempts to incorporate psychoanalysis into Marxism whereas Marcuse, for example, treats the dysfunctionality of individual libidinal economies as, primarily, a gratuitous feature of capitalism a la a temporary and unnecessary set of particular socioeconomic arrangements, Zizek, in his reliance upon... 

It is more than a little surprising that Kim Stanley Robinson should be accused of suffering from modernist temptations and Enlightenment hubris. After all, Frederic Jameson s critical theoretical tutelage of Robinson when he was his doctoral student at the University of California, San Diego no doubt schooled him in the subtleties of the Frankfurt School critique of the dialectic of enlightenment and domination. There, he learned of how deeply interwoven Enlightenment aspirations for the... 

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