Formation of Antisite Defects

The creation of a complementary pair of antisite defects consisting of an A atom on a B atom site, AB, and a B atom on an A atom site, Ba, can be written in terms of a chemical equation  

Antisite defects can be created via the intermediate formation of a Frenkel defect by the following mles  

Exchange of the interstitial A atom with a B atom on its correct site  

The interstitial B atom can eliminate the vacancy to form a B atom antisite defect  

The same equations can also be written in terms of interstitial B atom formation and exchange of the interstitial B with an Aa atom, and so forth. 

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To illustrate exactly how these mles work, a number of examples follow. In the first, the formation of antisite defects, a simple example that does not involve changes in atom numbers or charges on defects, is described. Secondly, two reactions involving oxides, nickel oxide and cadmium oxide, both of which are nonstoichio-metric, but for opposite reasons, indicate how to deal with a solid-gas interaction... 

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