Foeniculum vulgare Umbelliferae

Fennel Foeniculum vulgare (Umbelliferae/ Apiaceae) ripe fruit 2-5 anethole (50-70) fenchone (10-20) estragole (3-20) flavour, carminative, aromatherapy... 

Cyclopentane bicyclic monoterpenoids that occur in the plant kingdom belong to three major skeletal types camphane, iso-camphane, and fenchane (Fig. 7). Camphane-type terpenoid alcohols, (+)-bomeol (Gl) and (—)-isobomeol (G2), have been isolated from Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) and Achillea filipendulina (Asteraceae). A ketone derived from these, (-h)-camphor (G3), is found in the camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora) and in the leaves of rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis) and sage Salvia officinalis, Labiatae). Camphene (G4) and its enantiomer with the isocamphane carbon skeleton are known to occur in the oils of citronella and turpentine. Fenchane-type bicyclic cyclopentane monoterpenoids are commonly found in plants as their ketone derivatives. (—)-Fenchone (G5) occurs in the tree of life Thuja occidentalis, Cupres-saceae). Its enantiomer, (+)-fenchone (G6), has been isolated from the oil of fennel Foeniculum vulgare, Umbelliferae). 

Fenchane derivatives occur as fenchones and fenchols in several ethereal oils. Oil of fennel, obtained from the dried fruit of Foeniculum vulgare (Umbelliferae), contains up to 20 % (+)-fenchone, and is associated with limonene, phellandrene and a-pinene. (-)-Fenchone is isolated from the tree of life Thuja occidentalis (Cu-pressaceae), which is cultivated as hedges. The dextrorotatory enantiomer of a-fenchol with an endo OH, requested in perfumery, as well as its stereoisomers are found in fresh lemon juice, in oil of turpentine obtained from Pinus palustris (Pina-ceae), in ethereal oils originating from the Lawson white cedar Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Cupressaceae) and other plant families such as Ferula, Juniperus, and Clausena species... 

Umbelliferae/Apiaceae Daucus carota (carrot) Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) Petroselinum crispum (parsley)... 

WILD FENNEL -- Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Family Umbelliferae (Carrot family). 

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) belongs to the family Apiaceae (formerly the Umbelliferae). It is native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean region and is cultivated mainly in India, Rumania, Russia, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Argentina and the USA. India s export of fennel has improved slightly in the years 2001/02, 2002/03 and 2003/04, the value of which is given in Table 12.1. 

Fennel Oil occurs as a colorless or pale yellow liquid with the characteristic odor and taste of fennel. It is the volatile oil obtained by steam distillation from the dried ripe fruit of Foeniculum vulgare Miller (Fam. Umbelliferae). 

Oleoresin Fennel Obtained by the solvent extraction of the dried fruit of Foeniculum vulgare P. Miller (Fam. Umbelliferae) as a brown-green liquid. 

Oil of Fennel. Volatile oil from the dried fruit of Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Umbelliferae. Also from the sweet fennel plant (var. duke). Constit 50-60% anethole, —20% fenchone, pinene, limonene. dipentene, phellandrene. 

Irons-Anethole (61)k Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Umbelliferae) Illicium verum Hook f. (Illiciaceae) Myrrhis odorata Scop. (Umbelliferae) Osmorhiza longistylis DC. (Umbelliferae) Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) Tagetes filicifolia Lag. (Compositae) 13 92... 

The angular pyranocoumarin seselin (5), which was first isolated from Seseli indicum and later from Foeniculum vulgare, occurs also in Apium graveolens, A. leptophyllum, Carum roxburghianum and Pimpinella heyeana. The linear pyranocoumarins do not occur in Umbelliferae. 

Fennel Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Umbelliferae Fruit... 

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