Fluvalinate structure

Synthetic analogs of the pyrethrins, pyrethroids, have been widely produced as insecticides during recent years. The first of these was allethrin (Figure 19.4). Three pyrethroids that are relatively safe and can be used on cereal crops are fluvalinate, zeta-cypermethrin, and deltametrin, structural formulas of which are shown in Figure 19.4.15... 

The main products with this structure are fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate and fluvalinate all of which do not have a crysanthemic acid derivate. 

Type II pyrethroids include cypermethrin, fenvalerate, tralomethrin, esfenvalerate, del-tamethrin, te/-fluvalinate, fenpropathrin, A,-cyhalothrin, tefluthrin, cyfluthrin, acrinath-rin, and imiprothrin. The structures of these pyrethroids are as follows ... 

In the last century, the development of organophosphorus, carbamate, and organochloride insecticides was followed by synthetic pyrethroids. As a result, pyrethroids are now used frequently in the domestic milieu. Pyrethroid insecticides are synthetically derived from the molecular structure or sharing the same mechanism of action of natural pyrethrins that have broader spectmm of activity, more stability, and residual activity (persists longer than that of natural pyrethrins) and include the following allethrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, flumethrin, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, and permethrin (see structure in Fig. 137.2). They are lipophilic compounds and generally of low acute oral toxicity to mammals but are very toxic to aquatic organisms. When synthetic pyrethroids are administered to mammals parenterally, the synthetic pyrethroids are neurotoxic. 

C is at the 2 position of valine cyano group is attached to the otC or methyl carbon See Table 2 (2.9) for generic structure and technical name of fluvalinate. 

Preliminary estimates of liver Vniax (pmol h kg bwt, unsealed) and (pM) are equal to 10.0 s Parent chemical or metaholite number for cross-reference in Table D9 (Appendix D, Fluvalinate) s Refer to Table D9 for structure based on number... 

The first of the open chain types that was commercialized was the racemate fenvalerate. In 1986 the single (S,S) isomer was commercialized as esfenvalerate. Fluvalinate greatly extends the range of structural variations and biological properties of these active materials. It controls spider mites and is nontoxic to honeybees. Etofenprox is no longer an ester, and it shows promise against rice pests with... 

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