Fluorene-thiophene-phenylene

Fluorene-thiophene-phenylene copolymers 592-593 clearly demonstrate the effect of the exact position of CN groups in the vinylene fragment on the emission of the materials (04MM5265). 

Finally, conjugated materials 40 based on poly(phenylene thiophene) and poly (fluorene thiophene) main chain polymers functionalized with pendant trithiocyanato ruthenium terpyridine complexes were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction. Heterojunction photovoltaic cells with the simple structure ITO/polymer/C-60/Al were fabricated. Under simulated AM1.5 solar light illumination, the short circuit currents, open circuit voltages, and power conversion efficiencies of the photovoltaic cells were measured to be 1.53-2.58 mAcm 2, 0.12-0.24 V, and 0.084-0.12%, respectively [77]. 

M. BeUetete, S. Beaupre, J. Bouchard, R Blondin, M. Leclerc, and G. Durocher. 2000. Theoretical and experimental investigations of the spectroscopic and photophysical properties of fluorene-phenylene and fluorene-thiophene derivatives Preciusors of light-emitting pelymers. J Phys Chem B 104(39) 9118-9125. 

A series of four fluorene-phenylene vinylene copolymers 320-323 clearly demonstrates the effect of the exact position of CN groups in the vinylene fragment on the emission of the materials (Scheme 2.48) [408], Substitution of benzene rings in copolymers 320 and 321 by thiophene results in red-shifted PL and EL, where copolymers 322 and 323 exhibit pure red emission with chromaticity values very close to the standard red (CIE x = 0.66, y = 0.34), although no PLQY values were reported. The ITO/PEDOT/322/Ca/Al device showed a very... 

As demonstrated in previous sections, the carbazole unit was introduced as a pendant group or as a chain member in major classes of EL polymers such as PPVs (95-105,141,177, 190) and PFs (62, 63, 242-245). A variety of 2,7-carbazole-derived polymers with different conjugated units, such as 2-alkoxy- and 2,5-dialkoxy-l,4-phenylene (549) and l,l -binaphtha-lene-6,6 -diyl (550 [658]), 2,5-pyridine (551), 2,7-fluorene (245 [345,346]), 2,5 -bithiophene (554 [345]), 5,8-quinoxaline (552), quinquethiophene-SjS -dioxide (450 [550]), 2,5-thiophene (553), 2,5-furan (555), and acetylene (556 [659]) were reported by Leclerc and coworkers... 

The combination of the repeat unit species typically used in electrochromic homopolymers such as the thiophene, furan, pyrrole, dioxythiophene and dioxypyrrole rings with one another and with other conjugated linkages (e.g., vinylenes, phenylenes, fluorenes, and carbazoles) provides color control through both the electronic character of the backbone and by steric interactions between repeat units (Table 20.6). 

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