Fluidized catalytic cracking , riser-type

Theologos, K. N., and Markatos, N. C., Modelling of flow and heat transfer in fluidized catalytic cracking riser-type reactors. Trans. I Chem. E. 70(Part A), 239 (1992). 

Theologos and Markatos (1992) used the PHOENICS program to model the flow and heat transfer in fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) riser-type reactors. They did not account for collisional particle-particle and particle-wall interactions and therefore it seems unlikely that this type of simulation will produce the correct flow structure in the riser reactor. Nevertheless it is one of the first attempts to integrate multiphase hydrodynamics and heat transfer. 

A process flow diagram is illustrated in Figure 10. The oxidation reactor is a transport bed or riser reactor similar to the type used for catalytic cracking in a refinery It is essentially a vertical pipe in which the reaction feed gases and solid catalyst enter at the bottom and flow upward in a fluidized state. The product is formed as the butane and catalyst flow upward. The catalyst is separated from the product gases in a cyclone separator, routed... 

At very high velocities, all particles fed to the reactor are carried up with the gas, and this mode of operation is sometimes called fast fluidization. However, since there is no definite bed level, a better term for this system is a transport-line reactor or, as it is called in catalytic cracking, a riser reactor. These are discussed in Chapter 10, on novel types of reactors. 

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