Fluidised bed electrode

F. Goodridge and A.R. Wright. Porous Flow-Through and Fluidised Bed Electrodes. In Comprehensive Treaties of Electrochemistry. Vol. 6. E. Yeager, J. O M. Bockris, and S. Sarangapany, eds. New York Plenum Press, 1983. 

Fig. 4.2 — Convective diffusion regimes commonly found in industrial cells, (a) flow through channel formed by two parallel electrode (or by one electrode and a membrane), (b) flow through such a channel but containing a turbulence promoter (e.g. a set of non-conducting bars or a net), (c) fluidised bed electrode, (d) packed bed electrode, (e) rotating cylinder electrode within a concentric tube.

Fleischmann, M. and Oldfleld, J.W. (1971) Fluidised bed electrodes I. Polarisation predicted by simplifled models. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 29, 211. 

Fleischmann, M. and Kelsall, G.H. (1975) An investigation of the local behaviour of a copper fluidised bed electrode. Chemistry Industry, 8,320. 

Kreysa G (1978) Kinetic behaviour of packed and fluidised bed electrodes. Electrochim Acta 23 1354-1359... 

Two-dimensional electrodes. Two-dimensional electrodes appropriate for metal recycling are typically based on the tank electrolyser to enable ready removal of metal plated electrodes. The simplest cells are the vertical, plate or mesh, electrode in tank units where turbulence is provided by using either inert fluidised beds [8] (Chemelec Cell, BEWT Water Engineers Ltd.) or air agitation (Reconwin cell), in conjunction with electrolyte pumping (see Figure 11.3). 

The previous systems for the recovery of metal ions have been primarily concerned with solutions containing only one metal ion. With mixed metal ion solutions there are thermodynamic and kinetic limitations which can effect the selectivity of the system and the final metal deposit. With some mixed metal ion solutions the difference in equilibrium potentials for the reactions can indicate that selective electrodeposition is probable, e.g. with solutions of zinc or cadmium and copper in dilute sulphuric acid solutions as used in fluidised bed electrolysis. Another example is the use of a flow-by carbon felt electrode in the extraction of Cu, Pb and Hg in a batch recirculating reactor [27]. The felt was of fibre diameter 1.1 x 10 m, with a porosity of 0.91 and a specific area of 2200 m By fixing the... 

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