Flow Injection and Hyphenated Techniques

A further miniaturization of solution introduction into ICP-MS allows the analysis of nanolitre sample volumes so that 100% transport efficiency is achieved and dead volume is minimized using nano volume 50 nl) flow injection together with a total consumption nebulizer operating at 

Eield flow fractionation (EFF), as a gentle size fractionation conpled to ICP-MS, offers the capahihty to determine trace metals bonnd to varions size fractions of colloidial and particnlate materials. On hne conphng of FFF with ICP-MS was first proposed hy Beckett in 1991. Separation is achieved hy the balance between the field force and macromolecnlar diffusion in the FFF channel. Depending on the field force nsed, FFF is classified into different techniques such as sedimentation, gravitational, electrical, thermal and flow FFF.  

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