Flow compensation

The molecular translations are spatially resolved by combining the velocity encoding sequence with the conventional spatial imaging encodings. In this velocity imaging", the phase shift of the spins reflects the information about their displacement as well as the spatial position. In this work, a flow-compensation [25] is implemented in the velocity imaging pulse sequence to eliminate the actifacts due to fluid flow. 

The flow artifacts detected in the droplet size measurements are similar to those reported by Goux et al. [79] and Mohoric and Stepisnik [80]. In their work natural convection effects led to an increase in the decay of signal attenuation curves, causing over-prediction in the self-diffusion coefficient of pure liquids. In order to avoid flow effects in droplet size distributions, flow compensating pulse sequences such as the double PGSTE should be used. It has been demonstrated recently that this sequence facilitates droplet size measurements in pipe flows [81]. 

M. L. Johns, L. F. Gladden 2002, (Sizing of emulsion droplets under flow using flow-compensating NMR-PFG techniques),/. Mag. Reson. 154, 142. 

Fig. 7.2.17 Flow imaging by phase encoding. A bipolar flow-encoding gradient is applied for slice selection to image through-plane flow v (x, y). Both phase and frequency gradients for space encoding are flow compensated.

The conventional isostasy principle (Bott, 1971) of the crust thickness was motivated by capacity of mantle rock to flow, compensating the vertical pressure deviations from lithostatic level. We can see that Figure 3 yields the alternative explanation. 

This flow compensates for all of the water losses from the system, i.e. evaporation + total deconcentration ... 

D. C. Raskazov and L. A. Krukov [4.4] carried out detailed measurements of 87 in the gaseous phase using the method of a flowing compensating calorimeter with a throttle-valve device. The Freon-23 used in the tests was 99.94-99.98% pure (moisture, 0.0015%, low-boiling substances, 0.02-0.06%). As estimated by the researchers, the error in the experimental data is 0.7-1.2%. The results of the measurements are approximated by the equations... 

The setup is largely comprised of a continuous-flow, compensating calorimeter which consists of a flooded measuring kettle housed in an intermediate thermostat, which is enveloped by a base thermostat. The base thermostat and the intermediate thermostat are filled with a thermostat liquid. The base thermostat, the intermediate thermostat and the flow measuring kettle are each provided with a mixer, baffles and temperature sensors. The mixer of the base and intermediate thermostats are classic stirrers, and the mixer in the flooded measuring kettle is a circular pendulum mixer. Its bearing is protected from contamination with the reaction mixture by corrugated metal bellows, which is joined to the cover of the shaft to form a seal. 

Above qucmch Dispersed flow Compensated Murao and Sugimoto s correlation... 

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