FLANAGAN 2 Standards

Flanagan FJ (1976) U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 840 Descriptions and analyses of eight new USGS rock standards. U.S. Government Printing Office Wash DC, 191pp. 

Flanagan, working with USGS standard rocks (pieces of the Westerly Granite), shows an 11% relative standard deviation for Fe (in an amount around 1% ) much less than our value of 31-49% (12). The manganese determinations he reports have a relative standard deviation of 43%, again better than our 74% and 88%. We also have a greater spread of results than his. 

Flanagan, F. J., U.S. Geological Survey Standards—II. First Compilation... 

Reagents. All of the acids used in this work were of "Ultrex" quality from J. T. Baker Chemical Company. Deionized water was obtained from a Millipore Corporation MilliQ system. An ICPES scan of this water showed a total of 33 elements to be 1 ppm or less. Oil shale standards were provided by Dr. F. J. Flanagan of the U.S. Geological Survey. These were dried for two hours at 110°C before analysis. 

Flanagan also observed the formation of fused [l,2]indoles as a result of radical cyclization sequences when lV-(o-halobenzyl)indoles 149 were heated under standard tin hydride conditions [82]. However, in contrast to what was observed by Caddick and Fiumana, dihydroindoles were isolated due to quenching of the intermediate benzyl radical with tributyltin hydride, rather than rearomatization from loss of a hydrogen atom. Consequently, lV-(o-bromobenzyl)indole 149a... 

Figure 1 Analysis of a standard volatile mixture. Column 80 m X 0.53 mm i.d. SPB-1 (5nm film). Carrier gas helium (flow rate 8.6 ml min ). Oven temperature 40°C (6 min), then to 80°C at 5°C min then to 200°C at 10°C min (run time 26 min). Injection 10pi vapor. Detector sensitivities (fsd) FID, 3.2nA ECD, 64 kHz. Peaks 1, propane 2, FC 12 3, dimethyl ether 4, isobutane 5, butane 6, BCF 7, ethanol 8, acetone 9, 2-prop-anol 10, FC 11 11, FC 113 12, halothane 13, butanone 14, hexane 15, chloroform 16, 1,1,1-trichloroethane 17, carbon tetrachloride 18, trichloroethylene 19, methyl isobutyl ketone 20, 1,1,2-trichloroethane (internal standard) 21, toluene 22, tet-rachloroethylene 23, 2,2,2-trichloroethanol 24, ethyl benzene (internal standard). (Reproduced with permission from Streete PJ, Ruprah M, Ramsey JD, and Flanagan FtJ (1992) Detection and identification of volatile substances by head-space capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning. Analyst 117 111 1-1127. The Royal Society of Chemistry.)...

Flanagan, P. J. 1990. Parameters of water quality Interpretation and standards. Environmental Resources Unit, Dublin. 

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