FIXED BED IN THE INTEGRAL MODE

De facto Equation A9.4 is the one-dimensional, pseudohomogeneous model for fixed beds presented in Chapter 5. 

The mass of the catalyst in the reactor (meat) and the catalyst bulk density are related by 

Equation A9.7 is solved from z = 0 to z = 1 to obtain the molar flows at the outlet of the bed, n,(z = 1) these values have typically been measured experimentally. Chemical analysis gives the concentrations (c,), but they are related to the molar flows as expressed by Equation A9.7. The volumetric flow rate is updated by an appropriate gas law  

The compressibility factor (Z) is a function of the composition (molar flows, mole fractions), temperature, and pressure. Methods for the calculation of Z from equations of state are discussed in Ref. [3]. For ideal gases, Z = 1. The inlet composition is varied in the experiments to obtain varying molar flows. 

If the volumetric flow rate and fluid density are constant, the mass balance equation (Equation A9.4) becomes 

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