Heatup paths first catalyst bed

Figure 13.2 First catalyst bed heatup path, equilibrium curve, and intercept point (Fig. 12.1). The first catalyst bed s exit gas is its intercept gas (Section 12.12). It is cooled and fed to a second catalyst bed for more SO2 oxidation.

Figure 14.3 shows a second catalyst bed heatup path. It is similar to a first catalyst bed heatup path but it starts at Fig. 13.3 s ... 

F ure 14.3 Figure 13.3 with the addition of Table 14.3 s heatup path (upper left). The heatup path starts at first catalyst bed intercept % SO2 oxidized and second catalyst bed gas input temperature. The ending slope of the first catalyst bed heatup path is the same as the beginning slope of the second catalyst bed heatup path because SO3, SO2, O2, and N2 heat capacities 6H°IAT) are independent of temperature (Appendix G). 

Table 17.1 First catalyst bed heatup path worksheet with 0.2 volume% SO3 and 9.8 volume% SO2 in feed gas ... 

Figure 17.1 Effect of CO2 in feed gas on first catalyst bed heatup path and heatup path-equilibrium curve intercept. CO2 increases heatup path slope and slightly increases intercept (equilibrium) % SO2 oxidized (Section 17.4). Table R.l in Appendix R describes the 10 volume% CO2 intercept calculation.

Figure 17.1 shows the effect of CO2 on a first catalyst bed heatup path and intercept. CO2 has no effect on equilibrium curves (Appendix F). 

Table J.l Worksheet for calculating first catalyst bed heatup path-equilibrium curve intercept. Preparation instructions are given in Section J.3. Operating instructions are given in Section J.4. Notice that equilibrium curve % SO2 oxidized (cell Fll)/heatup path % SO2 oxidized (cell 139). So, 894.2 K in cells A14 and J30 is not the intercept temperature. The intercept value is calculated in Table J.2. 

First catalyst bed heatup path matrix (in means In infuM gas." out means "in intercept gas") ... 

Table R.l is a worksheet for calculating first catalyst bed heatup path-equilibrium curve intercepts with CO2 and SOs infeed gas. It is similar to that in Appendix Q.

Second catalyst bed heatup path points are calculated much like first catalyst bed heatup points. The steps are ... 

Figure 16.2 Specifications for (i) 2-3 cooldown and (ii) third catalyst bed heatup path and intercept calculations. The first and second catalyst bed exit gas quantities are equivalent to ...

Table 21.1 Bottom half of Table 0.1 s third catalyst bed heatup path-equilibrium curve intercept worksheet. Input and output gas enthalpies are shown in rows 43 and 44. Note that they are the same. This is because our heatup path calculations assume no convective, conductive, or radiative heat loss during catalytic SO2+O.5O2—>S03 oxidation (Section 11.9). First and second catalyst bed enthalpies are calculated similarly using Tables J.2 and M.2. 

This chapter assumes that equilibrium is attained in an acid plant s first catalyst bed, i.e., that a feed gas s heatup path always intercepts its equilibrium curve. 

Figure 18.3 Heatup paths and intercepts for 0 and 10 volume% CO2 first catalyst bed feed gas. CO2 heatup paths are steeper than non-C02 heatup paths because CO2 heat...

Figure 18.10 Effect of conductive, convective plus radiative heat loss and nonattainment of equilibrium on a first catalyst bed s final % SO2 oxidized. The two effects are seen to offset each other. (The heat loss heatup path is steeper because less heat is available to warm the gas.)...

Heatup path result per kg mol of first catalyst bed feed gas contains =-<0.0311 F17-9.797) ... 

Table Q.l is a first catalyst bed worksheet for calculating heatup path-equilibrium curve intercepts with SO3 in feed gas. The worksheet is similar to those in Appendices M and O.

Table 19.1 Heatup path matrix for after-intermediate-H2S04-making catalyst bed. The first three rows represent the following equations ... 

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